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ADHD Medication in the UK The medications for ADHD reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific areas. They also stimulate the production of neurotransmitters which are absent in people suffering from ADHD. Stimulant drugs are the most widely prescribed medication for adult ADHD in the UK. They are effective by enhancing activity in parts of the brain that are involved in the control of impulses and attention. Stimulants In the UK, there are two kinds of medications that are approved for adult ADHD treatment including stimulants and nonstimulant drugs. Stimulants, which increase brain activity in areas that regulate behavior and attention, are often the first choice. They include methylphenidate, known as Ritalin, and Lisdexamfetamine. These tablets can be taken a few times throughout the day as a short-acting pill or once a week as a long-acting pill that releases into the bloodstream throughout the day. The dosage of the medication could need to be changed regularly in the beginning, as it is monitored and adjusted (titrated) to determine the dosage that is effective for you. Stimulants are widely used as medical and recreational drugs. In the 1930s truck drivers, students, and athletes used amphetamines to boost their energy. Amphetamines can be extremely hazardous and have a great risk of abuse. They are used to make people feel good and can stimulate the brain in ways that lead to addiction. The most frequently reported side-effects of stimulants are a loss of appetite, sleep disturbances and problems with stomach or digestive system. Adjustments to the dosage or frequency of the medication often can alleviate these problems. They are generally tolerated by adults in general. However, children may experience more significant side-effects, such as tics, weight loss and crankiness. Non-stimulant ADHD medication works differently than stimulants and may take some time to begin working. Clonidine and Guanfacine are known as Catapres and Intuniv, are alpha agonists. They work by stimulating receptors in the mind to improve concentration and decrease behavior issues such tics and aggression. They can be used as a complement to ADHD stimulant medications or taken on their own by children between the ages of 6-17. Atomoxetine (brand name Strattera) is a different non-stimulant medication for ADHD that increases levels of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline to improve impulse control and concentration. It is a medication that can be prescribed on by itself, but it is typically combined with guanfacine in children. These medications do not cause the same adverse negative effects as stimulants, but can still cause headaches and sleep problems. Atomoxetine Certain children aren't able to respond to stimulant drugs like Adderall and Ritalin. There are alternatives to stimulants for these children. They enhance the communication between nerves and the regions of the brain, assisting children focus more easily and manage the impulsivity. Non-stimulant ADHD medications contain different active ingredients from stimulants, and do not have the potential to be abused, so they aren't controlled substances. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medication that can be used to treat ADHD among adults, children and teens. It's an antidepressant which has been shown to reduce symptoms of ADHD by increasing the levels of a chemical in the brain called noradrenaline. Noradrenaline passes messages between brain cells and is involved in attention, impulsivity and motivation. atomoxetine, due to its unique mechanism of effect is not associated with the same side-effects that other antidepressants do, such as Wellbutrin or Effexor. It is available to children as young 5 years old. It is taken either once or twice a day in tablet form. Atomoxetine offers a stable, 24 hour control over ADHD symptoms. It can reduce the severity of problems in the evening when the stimulants have wore off. Both clonidine and guanfacine are available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. These are given to children who haven't responded to stimulant medication or who have difficulty dealing with its adverse effects. They can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants, like Adderall XR (amphetamine salts) to provide an effective treatment for ADHD. If you or your child is being treated with an non-stimulant ADHD medication, ensure that you follow your GP's directions carefully. They will likely suggest starting with a low dose and gradually increasing them. They will also inquire about any other medications that you or your child is taking to check for interactions. You'll need to schedule regular appointments with your GP and let them know if you experience any adverse reactions or have concerns. They may change the dosage, or suggest alternative treatments such as talking therapy. Unlicensed Medication The medication used to treat ADHD in adults is a range of stimulant and non-stimulant medications. Psychiatrists can also prescribe medicines that are off-label (these are substances that are licensed for a different condition, but are being evaluated for their effectiveness in adult ADHD). These medications are typically antidepressants, such as bupropion and Venflaxine. They have been shown to provide some benefits in the condition, and are well tolerated at lower doses. Unlicensed medicines may be prescribed to patients in the event of a medical need that is not fulfilled by a licensed medication. This includes patients whose usual medication is not available due to disruption in supply or other reasons, as well as patients requiring liquid formulations of a certified tablet or capsule due to intolerance or allergy. Unlicensed medications are often described as “specials”. This term can also be used to describe drugs that are “off-label” or have been prepared or provided in a manner not covered by the license. They could include crushing tablets to make them easier to swallow, or adding a liquid to a licensed tablet or capsule to form a mixture to be administered via injection, or using a syringe pump to inject medication subcutaneously (under the skin). Healthcare professionals will generally only use unlicensed medications as a last option and when they feel there is no alternative that is licensed. They will carefully evaluate several options to meet the specific requirements of every patient. They will also periodically review treatment and results taking into consideration both clinical experience and the latest licensed treatments. It is essential that any medication that is not licensed to treat a person is safe and effective. The reason for prescribing the medicine should also be recorded in the patient's medical record. Note any adverse reactions a patient may have from an off-label medication by using the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme. This information is used by the MHRA to revise the marketing authorisation for the medicine and ensure future prescriptions are safe and effective. Talk IamPsychiatry working with you to help understand your symptoms and find ways to manage. They will also provide guidance and assistance on how to change your ways of thinking and acting to feel more positive. It is vital to complete the recommended number of sessions in order to make you feel better. The amount of neurotransmitters within your brain can reduce ADHD symptoms. These chemicals help your neurons pass on messages, helping you to concentrate your thoughts and avoid distractions. There are two kinds of ADHD treatment: stimulants and other non-stimulants. They all increase the availability neurotransmitters within your brain. There are a variety of medications licensed in the UK to treat ADHD. The most popular is methylphenidate. It is available in immediate-release tablets (small doses taken 2 to 3 times per day) and modified-release tablets (taken daily but released throughout the day). These aren't an effective cure, but they can help you manage impulsive behavior and concentrate. They are generally well tolerated, but your specialist will closely monitor you to ensure you receive the correct dosage and don't experience any adverse negative effects. The treatment can take a few weeks to reach the best dosage and could need to be adjusted (changed regularly) in order to find the most effective dosage for you. Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine, which is available on prescription only, are more efficient than stimulants and do not have the same potential for addiction. They have a stronger scientific base but they are not as well-tolerated. Some people suffer from problems with their appetite, memory, or sleep. Your doctor will track your progress and discuss whether you should continue with atomoxetine or change to another treatment. Neither medications nor therapy are permanent solutions for those suffering from ADHD. They can help you deal with your symptoms, and lead a happy life. Combining medications with regular therapy sessions will help you gain the most from your treatment. You'll learn coping strategies and identify unhelpful patterns of behavior and thoughts. For some, their improved confidence and mood can persist beyond the conclusion of their treatment.